Sirius Satellite Radio Marketing Plan Essay Example For Students

Sirius Satellite Radio Marketing Plan Essay Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc. Circumstance ANALYSISCOMPANY BACKGROUNDSIRIUS Satellite Radio was joined on May 17, 1990 as Satellite CD Radio Inc. On November eighteenth 1999 the organization changed their name to SIRIUS Satellite Radio Inc, which is the name under which the FCC permit to disseminate satellite radio was given to. SIRIUS Satellite radio presently offers more than 100 of music, news, sports, talk, diversion, traffic, climate, and childrens programming to endorsers all through the United States. Their essential wellspring of income is through membership expenses, with the majority of their clients buying in to SIRIUS Satellite Radio on either a month to month or a yearly premise. They additionally get income from actuation charges, publicizing deals on non-music channels and the immediate offer of SIRIUS radios, which are right now sold in more than 6,500 retail stores around the country. As of December 31, 2004, SIRIUS has had over 1.2 million supporters and 375 representatives. MARKETSThe by and large market for Sirius is any customer that tunes in to the radio. The objective market that Sirius is focusing on is the 100 million autos as of now out and about today. Sirius just needs to increase a little segment of this market to turn into a gainful organization. COMPETITIONSirius faces rivalry for the two audience members and promoting dollars. Notwithstanding pre-recorded amusement bought or paying in vehicles, homes and utilizing versatile players, Sirius contends most legitimately with the accompanying suppliers of radio or other sound services:XM Radio. Siriuss direct rival in satellite radio help is XM Radio, the main other FCC licensee for satellite radio assistance in the United States. XM Radio communicates certain programming that we don't offer. XM Radio assistance is likewise offered as an alternative on different vehicle model brands, sure of which don't likewise offer SIRIUS radios. Conventional AM/FM Radio. Siriuss rivalry additionally incorporates customary AM/FM radio. Dissimilar to SIRIUS radio, customary AM/FM radio has had an entrenched market for its administrations for a long time and for the most part offers free communicate gathering paid for by business promoting as opposed to by a membership charge. Likewise, many ra dio broadcasts offer data programming of a neighborhood nature, for example, nearby news and sports, which Sirius doesn't offer as successfully as nearby radio. Some radio broadcasts likewise have started decreasing the quantity of advertisements every hour, extending the scope of music played broadcasting in real time and exploring different avenues regarding new arrangements so as to contend all the more legitimately with satellite radio administrations. Web Radio and Downloading Devices. Web radio stations have no geographic impediments and can give audience members radio programming from around the nation and the world. In spite of the fact that Sirius accepts that the current sound nature of Internet radio is beneath standard and may differ contingent upon factors that can mutilate or interfere with the communicate, for example, organize traffic, Sirius anticipates that upgrades from higher data transfer capacities, quicker modems and more extensive programming determinations m ay make Internet radio a progressively critical rival later on. Direct Broadcast Satellite and Cable Audio. Various organizations give particular sound administrations through either direct communicate satellite or link sound frameworks. These administrations are focused to fixed areas, generally in-home. The radio help offered by direct communicate satellite and link sound is regularly included as a feature of a bundle of advanced administrations with video administration, and video clients in this way by and large don't pay an extra month to month charge for the sound assistance. PRODUCTSSiriuss music channels offer almost every sort in music from substantial metal and hip-jump to nation, move, jazz, Latin and old style. Every one of their 65 music channels is modified and facilitated by a group of specialists in their field, including melodic entertainers and other novel characters. Siriuss writing computer programs is dynamic, liquid and changes every now and then. Notwithstanding their music channels, Sirius presently offers more than 55 channels of news, sports, talk, diversion, traffic and climate programming, a large portion of which incorporates business promoting. Sirius consistently assesses their news, sports, talk, amusement, traffic and climate programming, and normally actualizes changes intended to improve and upgrade their administration. Live in depth sports is a significant piece of Their programming system. Sirius is the Official Satellite Radio Partner of the NFL, with selective rights to utilize the NFL shield logo and aggregate NFL group trademarks. CHANNELSSiriuss essential accentuation is on the retail channel, explicitly gadgets, vehicle and home sound, claim to fame, and retail establishments. The organization sells plug-n-play recipients which are compact units that have the capacity of being utilized in a house, vehicle, pontoon, essentially anyplace you approach a base unit for it whether it be a FM balanced in vehicle base or a home sound system unit base or even an independent blast box. Sirius additionally sells independent home sound beneficiaries and in run vehicle collectors. Inability in The Workplace EssayObsolete Service: Both the satellite business and the sound media outlet are described by fast mechanical changes and continuous new item development. In the event that SIRIUS can't advance with these adjustments such that clients require and expect, the business could fall flat. Satellite radio is an extremely new help. Who realizes to what extent it will be the most recent in sound innovation, and to what extent clients request it before the following best thing goes ahead the market?Mission and ObjectivesSirius is changing the manner in which America tunes in to music, sports, news, and diversion. Sirius needs to give quality, premium amusement to everybody. Promoting OBJECTIVESTo increment the quantity of outlet where Sirius is being sold by half throughout the following 2 years. To present another item, spilling video, through its satellite radio help inside the following a year. To pick up endorsement to and start to sell Sirius satellite radio in Canada under the Brand name Sirius Canada. Deals OBJECTIVESTo increment all out number of endorsers of 15 million by 2010. To keep up deals development throughout the following year paying little mind to the world economy. To come to the breakeven point and start to make a benefit. TARGET MARKETS AND POSITIONINGSirius is utilizing an objective market technique to concentrate on chosen customer and car producer fragments. Sirius has sectioned the shopper advertise dependent on way of life, diversions, interests, and convictions. Purchaser Segments. Sirius is showcasing to everybody. Sirius has increased select agreements with most major wearing associations. Sirius additionally has the main national gay and lesbian talk channel accessible on radio. To finish everything off Sirius offers a music determination that anybody would appreciate and in 2006 will have the top radio performer joining their setup, stun muscle head Howard Stern. Authoritative Segments. To reach focused on buyers Sirius utilizes retail outlets the nation over and has contracts with many significant automobile makers to manufacturing plant introduce Sirius into new cars. Siriuss plans to get most extreme introduction through this portion expanding brand mindfulness and endorser numbers. Item STRATEGIESSirius has understood that not all buyers are similar there for they offer a differing determination of recipients. Right now there are four unique sorts of SIRIUS radios: Plug and Play Radios, FM Modulated Radios, Three Band Radios and Home and business units. The radios are produced by a few notable names including Kenwood, JVC, Clarion, Audiovox and the Brix Streamer (for Trucks). Right now, SIRIUS radios can be purchased at RadioShack and through EchoStars Dish Network. From 2004 forward, the radios will be accessible at in excess of 20,000 retail stores across the country so as to offer most extreme presentation. Evaluating STRATEGIESSirius offers valuing structures for everybody. Sirius offers month to month administration plans at a level pace of 12.95 every month and less expensive rates on extra beneficiaries on a similar record. Likewise Sirius offers less expensive rates for a 1 year membership and on a lifetime of the recipient. CONTROLSSirius will utilize a few instruments to assess and control exercises actualized under this showcasing plan. First Sirius will utilize month to month pattern investigations to look at deals by channel, sort of affiliate, and by topographical zone. This data will be utilized to make changes in promoting income where required. Second, Sirius will utilize purchaser criticism as a methods for quality control. Client criticism will be observed for any potential issue zones, If any are found this data will be utilized for future changes. Third, Sirius will lead a showcasing review in midyear and again at the end of the year to assess the viability and productivity of the advertising programs. Along these lines, Sirius will have the option to pinpoint regions for development and set up an alternate course of action for rising issues.

Schlafly’s Opinion on School to Work Programs Free Essays

On September 4, 1997, Phyllis Schlafly composed an article titled â€Å"School-to-Work Will Train, Not Educate. † The article examines the cons of the school-to-work program and that expresses that it is depicted as a â€Å"cradle to the grave. † The article says that the school-to-work program will prepare and not instruct. We will compose a custom article test on Schlafly’s Opinion on School to Work Programs or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Schlafly is the leader of the Eagle Forum, an association that represents the essential right of guardians to control the training of their own youngsters, imagines that â€Å"school-to-work is an immediate danger to the individual understudy, their security, their objectives and their procurement of instruction that can assist him with contacting them. Schlafly†s sentiment wrong and won't spend in today†s society. In Schlafly†s analysis, she expresses that the school-to-work program â€Å"deemphasizes or takes out scholarly work and substitutes ordered professional preparing to all the more likely serve the workforce. † She likewise says that â€Å"instead of the attention being on building up the youngster, the emphasis is on building up a work power. † Schlafly feels that school-to-work is preparing rather then instruction. Rather than Schlafly, Olson says that school-to-work give understudies â€Å"motivation† which will help understudies since understudies in today†s society are not propelled enough. Overviews demonstrate that understudies depict training as â€Å"boring. † Schlafly accepts that the STW law expressing that professional preparing begins â€Å"at the most punctual conceivable age†¦ † isn't right. The explanation is that she accepts that basic or center younger students don't have the foggiest idea what vocation they need to satisfy. The last point in Schlafly†s article is she expresses that â€Å"big organizations bolster school-to-work since they believe that professional courses in secondary school for uneducated or semi-ignorant understudies will prepare youthful Americans to contend in the worldwide economy with individuals in the third world ready to work for 25 and 50 pennies 60 minutes. She is essentially saying that large organizations are supporting school-to-work since they need some modest work. In end to her article, Schlafly says that â€Å"all the individuals who esteem opportunity must thrashing and defund school-to-work. † She imagines that school-to-work is persecuting the understudies from their opportunity to learn and get decent training. Schlafly†s article says that Marc Tucker†s plan for school-to-work is to â€Å"train youngsters in explicit occupations to serve the workforce and the worldwide economy rather than teach them so they can settle on their own life decisions. She additionally says that it is structured on the â€Å"German framework. † Where did she get the possibility that school-to-work depends on the â€Å"German framework? † She doesn't have the foggiest idea what she is discussing and the data she is spreading is invalid. She additionally expresses that the program is to â€Å"train† youngsters however she likewise doesn't give the choice of preparing and instructing together. Olson shows how preparing and training goes together by indicating kids why they need to learn and by making a longing to learn. Schlafly is totally off-base about â€Å"training kids. † Starting school-to-work at the most punctual age potential doesn't imply that basic and center school understudies will pick their lifetime vocation. Giving the kids professional preparing will give them an alternative in what they need to do later on. Kids will check whether they like the field of preparing and examine and choose whether or not they need to seek after that employment later on. In contrast with what Olson says, â€Å"school-to-work exercises can give decisions and chances to youngsters, a considerable lot of whom are not currently very much served y our instruction framework. Schlafly says that â€Å"big organizations bolster school-to-work† in light of the fact that it will give them modest work. Where did Schlafly get this data? All through the entire article there is no verification of supporting this thought. She additionally makes reference to that governors bolster the program in light of the fact that â€Å"it gives them control of a pot of cash for which they don†t need to record to the state lawmaking body. † This announcement likewise needs proof and can't be utilized to demonstrate that the program is a disappointment. School-to-work isn't for organizations or governors, yet rather for the youngsters themselves and their objectives for their future. Like Olson says, â€Å"school-to-work can urge youngsters to seek after instruction and preparing past secondary school. † Is Schlafly analysis substantial by any stretch of the imagination? In no way, shape or form, she puts together her data with respect to nothing, for example, the â€Å"German framework. † Schlafly demonstrated that school-to-work is preparing for a lifetime profession yet this contention isn't right since preparing can likewise be good with instruction. Enormous organizations and governors may bolster school-to-work for modest work and for the cash however there is no evidence and regardless of whether there was any confirmation not all organizations and governors would believe that way. Until Schlafly gives some verification to her data and can demonstrate that preparation and training are not perfect, she isn't to be paid attention to. School-to-work is an excellent thought and to concurrence with Olson, â€Å"done right school-to-work can be an incredible asset in the push to accomplish higher scholarly measures and a progressively instructed populace. Step by step instructions to refer to Schlafly’s Opinion on School to Work Programs, Papers

Mandatory Overtime for Registered Nurses Research Paper

Compulsory Overtime for Registered Nurses - Research Paper Example opular calling, for example, during the early long periods of the subsequent World War, there was an overflow of medical attendants and prepared experts were being turned down for occupations. National and statewide appraisals of medical clinic nurture staffing as often as possible use a measure that midpoints checks of â€Å"the number of attendants or long periods of nursing care given the quantity of patients or patient long periods of care per emergency clinic (Aiken, Sochalski, and Anderson 1996; Anderson and Kohn 1996; Spetz 1998; Buerhaus and Staiger 1999; Kovner, Jones, and Gergen 2000; Unruh 2002). These estimations give an unpleasant proportion of nursing staff assets given patient volume, however they don't consider the force of nursing care† (Unruh and Fottler, 2006). Evaluation has different parameters in conveyance. The fundamental suspicion of the ebb and flow look into is that obligatory extra time may bargain the nature of the consideration the customer gets from the medicinal services proficient, in such a case that somebody has been made to work 12-hour shifts, they might be bound to commit errors with customers. Hence, the essential issues are of wellbeing in the social insurance conveyance condition, as far as the nature of care that is gotten at the main concern of the customer. of individual issues. . Regardless, examines like Day’s include backing of the 12-hour movements of the strategic scheduling plan for terms of help of the two patients and medical attendants. â€Å"12-hour movements would have beneficial outcomes for patients and staff in a ward situation. The outcomes indicated that the new move design offered benefits for patients through improved correspondence, expanded coherence of care and progressively content staff. The examination outlined the potential another nursing shift design including 12-hour shifts has for persistent consideration, we well with respect to staff work fulfillment (sic)† (Day, 2004). Regarding backing, Day brings up that strategic scheduling timetables might be a positive devleopment. In any case, the opposite view is likewise remembered for Day’s article as a contrast. â€Å"The report

Water From Hydrofracking Processes Walnut Shell Filter...

Treatment of Produced Water from Hydrofracking Processes: Walnut Shell Filter as a Leading Technology Is’haq Al Kindi University of California, Riverside, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA Abstract Wastewater in the oil and gas industry is a challenging issue. Oil and gas processes such as hydraulic fracturing consume too much water that translate into wastewater and has to be properly treated. This paper reviews the main contaminants of concern and their concentrations. It also provides a guideline of the target treatment for each contaminant in order to reuse in the same industrial field and a justification for each criteria. Suggested treatment methods and operations to reach the target treatment are presented as well, with a focus on the Walnut Shell Filter as a leading technology in the treatment of wastewater in the oil industry. The WSF was found to be the best method to treat petroleum hydrocarbons, and a centralized on-site treatment facility was the best strategy to resolve the issue of managing wastewater in remote oil and gas locations. What is hydraulic fracturing? Hydraulic fracturing, hydrofracking, or simply fracking, is a process in the oil and gas industry where an excessive amount of water is injected into the wellhead under high pressure in order to break the rock formation that contains oil and gas [18]. Those rocks are called shale rocks and they have trapped oil and gas particles

George Washing Compared to John Adams - 1644 Words

Compare and Contrast Washington’s administration with the administration of John Adams Between the years of 1789 – 1800, there were two people given the job of being the President of these United States of America, George Washington, the first president, and John Adams, the second president. Between the years of 1789 – 1800, the United States of America was a very young country who was searching for its identity, a leader, and an economic basis on which to run the country. Before, 1789, when George Washington took office, the Constitution of the United States was a very new document. It had just been ratified 1 year earlier, which meant that the Articles of Confederation, which ruled the country between the years 1783 – 1788, was thrown†¦show more content†¦These acts increased the time required for a person to become a citizen from 5 years in the nation to 14 years. Next, the Alien act which allowed the President to either imprison or deport any â€Å"alien† whom he deemed to be a danger to our national security. This sounds familiar doesn’t it, well that is because it is exactly like the Patriot Act that was passed right after September 11, 2001. Than following the passing of these laws and the XYZ affair, America almost went to war with France which prompted the Adam’s administration to raise taxes. During Washington’s administration, we see that only out of necessity were taxes raised so that the country would not drown in red ink like we are today. Adam’s increased taxes by enacting a new stamp tax and a house tax. These new taxes brought a great deal of unrest among the people because they believe that the taxes were being used to create a standing army, not to send them overseas to France. This brought about a revolt in Pennsylvania where the leaders were arrested and tried for treason. 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The Federal Bureau Of Investigation Essay - 885 Words

Introduction The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) originated on July 26, 1908, as the Bureau of Investigation by U.S. Attorney General Charles Bonaparte. In 1935 the name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Director Mueller reconstructed the FBI to support the changes the Bureau made â€Å"to meet newly articulated strategic priorities† from 2001 to 2013 (Brief History).On September 4, 2013, James B. Comey was sworn in as the seventh Director of the FBI. The main focus of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is to prevent terrorist attacks against the United States. The Federal Bureau of Investigation enforces and carries out the criminal laws of the United States. â€Å"The mission of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and inter national agencies and partners† (Quick Facts). The Federal Bureau of Investigation is an intelligent, driven, and threat-focused organization that serves to protect the nation. The Federal Bureau of Investigation plays an important role in the United States. Currently the Federal Bureau of Investigation has more than 200 violation categories of federal law. It defends the United States against terrorism, public corruption, cyber-crime, counterintelligence, civil rights, and organized crime. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Federal Bureau Of Investigation890 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) originated on July 26, 1908, as the Bureau of Investigation by U.S. Attorney General Charles Bonaparte. In 1935 the name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Director Mueller reconstructed the FBI to support the changes the Bureau made â€Å"to meet newly articulated strategic priorities† from 2001 to 2013 (Brief History, 2010). On September 4, 2013, James B. Comey was sworn in as the seventh Director of the FBI. The main focus of the Federal BureauRead MoreThe Federal Bureau Of Investigation921 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States government, specifically the Federal Bureau of Investigation was in a dispute with the technology company Apple. The FBI seized the iPhone of Syed Farook who along with his wife Tasfeen Malik killed 14 people and injured 22. Farook and his wife were then killed in a shootout with the police. 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Agricultural RandD Innovation Systems †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Agricultural RandD Innovation Systems. Answer: Introduction Australian industry is one of the most agriculture intensive industries comparing with the global agriculture market. Victoria is dominant in dairy and herd production. The evolution of technology has served them well and their productivity has increased since last three decades (Klerkx and Nettle, 2013). The small farmers were able to generate the derivative products of milk and supported to the revenue that every individual state made in the following years. According to the dairy situation and outlook report on 2017 the farmers have produced 700 million fewer litters of milk due to a huge crisis that have hit the whole Australia in the last year (Sorensen, 2011). However, the consumption of the branded products has not lessened. Victoria being the centre of production has seen 9% growth in the full cream milk production (Klerkx and Nettle, 2013). Whereas Australia accounts for an approximate 2% of the worlds milk production, it is a noteworthy exporter of dairy merchandise (Regula tions, 2013). The Australian dairy industry was significantly challenged by deregulation, droughts and the financial crisis. However, the industry has also been seen to to adapt to difficult situations through sharing its view of the challenges and opportunities and with collective action. One crucial feature for their success now would be the policy control of the environmental factors, which is an important role in accordance with the industry to adapt in the future and further develop. The Australian Dairy industry is a fully established industry and some subtropical areas of Australia is also rich in giving supply to its customers. Even though most of the countrys milk production takes place in south?east seaboard parts states, all states have separate dairy farms that supply fresh drinking milk to close by cities and towns. Australian milk production has been steadily increasing with the demand and modified derivative product of milk. Fresh milk, butter, cheese, milk powders, whey products and casein (Sorensen, 2011). International market The New Zealand statistics shows that, they are one among the key industries in the dairy production (Klerkx and Nettle, 2013). The organization is able to satisfy the thirst of the country and whole worlds demand of milk and its side products. The small shelf life of milk means that Australias export percentage of fresh milk is partial mainly to UHT product. Around 80% of Australias fresh milk exports goes to Asia with a further 15% intended for the Pacific region (Regulations, 2013). The cheese industry itself exports to 50% of the domestic production. This industry itself is a predominantly developed in the national region. The Skimmed milk powder and the whole milk powder accounts to 80% of the National dairy herd 1.6 million Average herd size 220 cows National milk production 9 billion litres Dairy workforce 40,000*2.5 New Zealand - the major competitor of Australia is one of the most aggressive seller in the international market. Total number of herds 11,918 Average herd size 419 Number of cows 5 million Effective hectares in production New Zealand 1.8 million Milk processed by dairy companies 21.0 billion litres(2015-2016) International trade scenario The dairy research and development of organisations major contributor is federal government. The trade policy is in the industry is favourable for the industry. The three core business objectives in the dairy planning cycle is escalating farm productivity, maintain and develop value-added service, channels, products, high-margin and others. Promote and protect the unique profit of Australian dairy industry. ADF is formed by Australian farmers organisation and there is the help the small farmers get from non-profit organisations (Regulations, 2013). Southeast Asian market is Australias largest export oriented market. Stipulation from this market has led to a 33% enhanced in international dairy and its derivatives consumption in the last decade(Grace and Lennie, 2012). Even though there are hurdles to give services and sell in this market, the Ausis are confident enough that demand expansion is high. It is implied that economic prosperity and higher education enabled system will spread s all through the core region and there will be steady escalation in demand. The China, Africa, and Middle East are the one among the major exporters of the dairy products and consume the major percentage of the products (Grace and Lennie, 2012). The Australian market has strength in the domestic market and furthermore, they are milks multinational value increment (Sorensen, 2011). The derivatives of the main product are also capturing the completely international market competing with the value-addition and prospective consumption market percentage (Nettle, Paine and Penry, 2010). However, the trade regulations of the industry have to face some highly contingency factors. This includes the China and Middle Easts production and expansion in the regarding instruction (Nettle, Paine and Penry, 2010). The Neighbouring countries production and their strong economic condition can be highly competitive in the recent years inferred from the above table. Europeans balance and protectionist has long since given headache to the trade enablers in the international market. Their products are facing headed competition with the former dairy market leaders (Grace and Lennie, 2012). The prices of the products are also volatile because of dynamic supply-demand ration working in the industry. Export share of trade EU 32% New Zealand 35% Australia 10% USA 7% Argentina 4% Ukraine 2% Uruguay 1% Other 9% Milk and its derivative products life cycle The most consumption is in the fresh milk sector and the stage is by drinking (Nettle, Brightling and Hope, 2013). The drinking milk, butter, cheese, yogurt are the majorly consumed product among the country the statistics of per capita is given below. Commodity Consumption(per capita/annum) Milk 102 litres Cheese 13kg Butter 4 kg Yogurt 7 kg South East Asia 30% Japan 19% America 5% Africa 4% Middle east 10% Europe 2% Other Asia 24% Competition Internal value chain analysis Australian dairy industrys largest producer was Victoria accounting for supplying 60% of the national milk consumption (Backus, Eidman and Dijkhuizen, 2012). The Southern, Central, Coastal NSW Dairy industry produces diverse milk production as they have land grass and fodder growing areas (Edwards, 2003). The market influences are one among the major factor for fresh milk production. The processor authority prefers local and reliably produced milk, which helps them in cost reduction and logistics handling. This region produces among the 741 million litres of milk and 8% of Australias production milk (Nettle, Brightling and Hope, 2013). The level of risk for adaptation and investment may affect production of milk. Second, major reformation is likely to be made at milk production stage in some challenging regions, which will in turn will affect on the current system and structure (Buys et al.2014). Third, the Emission Trading Scheme of the country, paired with a limited growth of production and increased ethical standards, everything have the potential headed for raising costs above competitors, and this may affect the competitiveness and price of Australian products (Von et al., 2013). Industry structure and regional strength The Gippsland dairy industry 2 billion (22%) Western Victoria dairy industry 2 billion (23%) Murray dairy industry 1.84 billion (20.5%) Southern dairy industry 620 million (7%) Tasmanian dairy industry 650 million (7%) Western Australian Dairy Industry 338 million litres(20.5%) Different innovative products like fresh dairy products and stream included drinking milk and othere customised products and dairy desserts. Specialised ingredients and whey proteins, SMP, BMP and WMP are high valued manufactured products (Von et al., 2013). There are also schemes, centres that helps people in the industry to operate efficiently. The Australian Dairy Herd Impovemnet Scheme, Dairy Extension Centre, Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre(CRC), Dairy Innovation Australia Limited, Department of primary history Victoria (Backus, Eidman and Dijkhuizen, 2012). The national bodies which helps in this are National Heritage trust, National landscape program, NSW department and primary Industries, Tasmanian Institute and Heritage trust are one of the major investor in the innovation program and dynamic strategy faces challenges in the regarding Industry(Gourley et al., 2012). There are many challenges that the manufacturing industry faces in the production procedure. The volatility of the supply and demand market and customers preference in the different products. The global crisis on 2008-2009 has been the most difficult period for the Industry (Bethune et al. 2004). However, the prices of the products have come down due to the consumption pattern changes and outlook of retail stages have gone down due to the competitiveness of the food safety (Edwards, 2003). In addition there is a decline in inflationary pressure, that additionally benefits the selling of dairy products. Strengths and weakness Opportunities and threats of the industry As the historical data suggest that the dairy industry have grown in the last three decades they have incorporated efficient production methods The position of this industry is strong in the export market and have seen steady growth of 9% (Gourley et al., 2012). The Australian industry is one of the major exporters, as in third largest exporter on milk and its derivative products. The industry also have a backup of investors willing to contribute in the research and development in dairy manufacturing and value added products, as well as the packaging and customising the products (Bethune et al. 2004). The weakness is seen to be in the demand factor. The domestic market of the industry faces the volatility of climate. The agricultural sector has always been prone to volatility of climate change factors. The retail sell and wholesale industry of milk faces a major problem of having shelf life of the products. Policy uncertainty of the trade practises has been one of the major weaknesses of the industry. Management of production risk less Demand of all Australian milk products in Asia Greater efficiency scale of the industry The production cost Climate change in agricultural business Porters values chain analysis Barriers to entry the Australian diary industry has been strong since 1989 revolution in the industry (Soliman, 2000). However, the recent crisis in the milk production of the industry and shortage in the production has lead to crisis in the international market reputation. The domestic industry factors are strong to retaliate against (Gourley et al., 2012). Therefore, the risk to entry of global competitors is less. Threat of rival - the major threat in the industry is the water availability in the agro-cultivated land but the industry is facing certain policy related problem on the state of Victoria. The other industries are there to give competition to this industry in this matter. The deregulation of this industry has left some uncertainty in the boar (Buys et l.2014). The rationalisation of this industry has left the core efficient producers weak to international competitors vulnerable and heavily subsided. The main competitors of this industry are China and Africa. Threat of substitute the products itself does not have good substitute. However, the competitors pose a challenge in building the good substitute brand for the company. Threat of supplier The supplier market is dominative in this particular industry. The suppliers have different board of co-operation and back up of having investments from the government subsidiary bodies (Grace and Lennie, 2012). The total industry is private and deregulated in Australia. Threat of customers -the risk in threat of customers is less than any other industry. The customers are less prone to go to other products than the fresh produce of the domestic companies (Nettle, Brightling and Hope, 2013). However, the global competitors dairy products and their innovative products may inherit a threat to competitors. Conclusion The Australian dairy industry is certainly a self-sufficient and competitive enough in the global context. There is direct employment in the region of Australia for around 40,000 people and additional downstream processing. This industry is one of Australias major industries that contribute to the economic development. Australia ranks third in terms of global dairy trade with 10% share of world dairy export followed by New Zealand and the European Union. In response to these discussed challenges, a variety of strategies well as actions and plan have been redirected or executed by the industry in respect to the industrys production systems, response to environmental change and natural resource management, and market access. In a nutshell, the Australian dairy industry has faced significant challenges like deregulation, droughts and the financial crisis. However, the industry has also demonstrated its ability to adapt to difficult situations through sharing its view of the challenges a nd opportunities and addressing these challenges with collective action. Reference Abs.gov.au. 2017.1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2004. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/B006A83A9127B0F5CA256DEA00053965?Open [Accessed 29 Aug. 2017]. https://www.pwc.com.au/industry/agribusiness/assets/australian-dairy-industry-nov11.pdf [Accessed 29 Aug. 2017]. Backus, G.B.C., Eidman, V.R. and Dijkhuizen, A.A., 2012. Farm decision making under risk and uncertainty.NJAS wageningen journal of life sciences,45(2), pp.307-328. Bethune, M. and Armstrong, D.P., 2004. Overview of the irrigated dairy industry in Australia.Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,44(2), pp.127-129. Buys, L., Mengersen, K., Johnson, S., van Buuren, N. and Chauvin, A., 2014. Creating a Sustainability Scorecard as a predictive tool for measuring the complex social, economic and environmental impacts of industries, a case study: Assessing the viability and sustainability of the dairy industry.Journal of environmental management,133, pp.184-192. Edwards, G., 2003. The story of deregulation in the dairy industry.Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,47(1), pp.75-98. Gourley, C.J., Dougherty, W.J., Weaver, D.M., Aarons, S.R., Awty, I.M., Gibson, D.M., Hannah, M.C., Smith, A.P. and Peverill, K.I., 2012. Farm-scale nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur balances and use efficiencies on Australian dairy farms.Animal Production Science,52(10), pp.929-944. Grace, M. and Lennie, J., 2012. Constructing and reconstructing rural women in Australia: The politics of change, diversity and identity.Sociologia Ruralis,38(3), pp.351-370. Klerkx, L. and Nettle, R., 2013. Achievements and challenges of innovation co-production support initiatives in the Australian and Dutch dairy sectors: a comparative study.Food Policy,40, pp.74-89. Klerkx, L. and Nettle, R., 2013. Achievements and challenges of innovation co-production support initiatives in the Australian and Dutch dairy sectors: a comparative study.Food Policy,40, pp.74-89. Nettle, R., Brightling, P. and Hope, A., 2013. How programme teams progress agricultural innovation in the Australian dairy industry.The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension,19(3), pp.271-290. Nettle, R., Brightling, P. and Hope, A., 2013. How programme teams progress agricultural innovation in the Australian dairy industry.The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension,19(3), pp.271-290. Nettle, R., Paine, M. and Penry, J., 2010. Aligning farm decision making and genetic information systems to improve animal production: methodology and findings from the Australian dairy industry.Animal Production Science,50(6), pp.429-434. Regulations, P., 2013. Australian Dairy Industry. Soliman, F., 2000. Application of knowledge management for hazard analysis in the Australian dairy industry.Journal of Knowledge Management,4(4), pp.287-294. Sorensen, T., 2011. Australian agricultural RD and innovation systems.International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy,7(1-3), pp.192-212. Von Keyserlingk, M.A.G., Martin, N.P., Kebreab, E., Knowlton, K.F., Grant, R.J., Stephenson, M., Sniffen, C.J., Harner, J.P., Wright, A.D. and Smith, S.I., 2013. Invited review: Sustainability of the US dairy industry.Journal of dairy science,96(9), pp.5405-5425.

Black Face Essay Research Paper Black FaceIn free essay sample

Black Face Essay, Research Paper Black Face In Response to the film I have a batch of affairs to notice on. I was fortunate plenty to be semi-educated on the subject of # 8220 ; Black Face # 8221 ; and racist advertisement prior to the picture. Therefore, the film served as a thorough review of the information that I discovered antecedently. One thing I can non get down to understand about this clip period is the figure of African Americans who participated in these films that degraded our people. I besides have a job with the continuance of the stereotypes of old every bit good as the upholding of the inactive attitude towards these take downing representations of our people. This movie brought me to the realisation that it is up to our coevals to change by reversal all of this # 8220 ; nonsense # 8221 ; and transfuse in our seeds the true significance and kernel of what it is to be Black and Proud. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Face Essay Research Paper Black FaceIn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was shocked to happen out by manner of earlier research, every bit good as by recent observation of the movie, about the figure of African Americans who participated in the # 8220 ; Black Face Era # 8221 ; along with Whites. In his lone known essay, # 8220 ; The Comic Side of Trouble, # 8221 ; Bert Williams wrote, # 8220 ; I have neer been able to detect anything scandalous in being a colored adult male. But I have frequently found it inconvenient # 8211 ; in America. # 8221 ; David Krasner # 8217 ; s book Resistance, Parody, and Double Consciousness in African-American Theatre, 1895-1910, explores how Blacks who wrote and performed in musicals at the bend of the century dealt with the incommodiousness in their productions through elusive and not-so-subtle lines and modus operandis. Sing the film truly disturbed me in that by our take parting in Nineteenth-Century Blackface Minstrelsy we did nil but gave truth to the stereotypes that whites handed to us. How could we, the p osterities of African Kings and Queens volitionally take part in productions entitled Two Real Coons, Jes Lak White F # 8217 ; lks, The Cannibal King, and Bandanna Land? I have yet to understand. It seems to me that we were brought out of bondage and into bondage. The presentation of bondage in a different signifier is what was destructing our people so and is portion of the pit of our coevals now. We, particularly immature people, someplace along the line were told to accept things the manner they are. The really same merchandises that one time dishonored us, we deem to be OK. For illustration Aunt Jemame pancake sirup ; although the face on the bottle has been changed to one of beauty, the rule is still at that place. I can retrieve as a kid watching the Warner Brothers sketchs with bugs bunny where they show these barbarous people with castanetss in there olfactory organs, populating like animate beings when it was the white adult male who descended from the cave. Never so did I halt to believe that behind the laughter these barbarian people had skin and hair like my ain. The image of the black mammy, large, black and fat, besides comes to mind in my childhood from watching these same sketchs. These are the visions being given to our people even in our coevals 100s of old ages after bondage. All of the subjects in the movie such as Black is Ugly, Blacks are Savage and that Blacks are Happy Servants are being fed to our people even today. It is to the point now where we believe these stereotypes to be true and frequently enforce them on each other. In the words of the great Dr. Martin Luther King, # 8220 ; I do believe we shall get the better of someday # 8221 ; , but non without battle and attempt. My coevals holds the power in our custodies to do history by altering the hereafter. No longer d owe have to play the character of Sambo, Uncle Remus or the Pica nine ; even though some of us do. This behaviour is non ok. We will non accept a lower place in society. Nikki Giovanni one time told me that, # 8220 ; Black Love is Black Wealth # 8221 ; and after seeing the movie that statement takes on a new significance to me. Not merely until we love ourselves to the full and unconditionally will we boom as a race, as a people. The wealth is in our felicity, our freedom, our pride, and our independency. Lashkar-e-taibas take control of our lives in an effort to demo our kids the true significance of Black pride.

Seperation of a Mixture Lab Report Essays

Seperation of a Mixture Lab Report Essays Seperation of a Mixture Lab Report Paper Seperation of a Mixture Lab Report Paper In order to operate the iron from the mixture, take a bar magnet inside of a Copilot bag, and swirl it through the mixture. 5. The iron will stick to the magnet, and lift the magnet out of the mixture. All iron in the mixture should be on the magnet. 6. The iron taken out of the mixture is then measured to find the mass of the retrieved iron. 7. Next, the salt will be separated from the mixture. In order to do this, a ring stand must be set up with an iron ring and a glass funnel. Take a piece of filter paper and fold it as demonstrated by Mrs Monotone, and place it in the funnel. 8. Place a mall beaker under the funnel for the filtered water. 9. Put the remaining mixture in the funnel. 10. Pour some water in a beaker, record the amount of water and pour it in the funnel. The mixture will begin to filter and drain the salt, leaving behind the sand. More water may need to be added depending on if the salt particles are fully dissolved or not. 11. The sand has been recovered. Take the filter paper, unfold it, weigh its mass, and place it in the chemical oven to dry before measuring. 12. While the sand is in the chemical oven, take a hot plate, and place the beaker tit the filtered salt water on the hot plate. The water will begin to boil, and eventually, the salt will be clearly visible and separated. 13. Once the salt is fully dried out, and no water remains in the beaker, remove the beaker with tongs for it will be extremely hot. Measure the beaker with the salt in it and subtract the original mass of the mall beaker to find the mass of the recovered salt. 14. The sand should be dry by now. Take the sand on the filter paper out of the chemical oven with extreme caution, place it on the scale, measure its mass, and then abduct the original mass of the filter paper in order to find the mass of the recovered sand. 15. The mixture is now separated into the three substances of sand, salt, and iron. Scientific Background: In order to complete this lab report, the following concepts must be understood. First, the difference between a mixture and a pure substance. A mixture is two or more pure substances combined, that keep their separate chemical identities and properties. The amounts of each pure substance in a mixture can change therefore the physical properties of a mixture depend on its composition, ND the composition of a pure substance is constant giving pure substances characteristic physical properties that do not change. Physical properties that are used to describe pure substances include solubility, magnetism, and boiling point, which are all characteristics used in this lab. The next concept is physical changes. Physical changes separate the components of a mixture, such as separating the iron, sand, and salt in this lab. Physical changes that can be used to separate mixtures include filtration, evaporation, and distillation. Mass recent composition is a way to express the real composition of a mixture by the amount of each component. In order to do this, the substances must be separated quantitatively. Lastly, percent yield which describes the efficiency of the recovery operation is calculated to separate the mixture. (Handout) Observations: The observations for this lab are as follows: The original mixture is a brownish color, and the difference between the different substances can easily be determined by sight. When the water was poured into the mixture of sand and salt during the filtration process, the altered water was coming through slowly in large drops. During the filtration process, the salt seemed to not be dissolving as quickly as thought, and more water was needed. When the salt water was being boiled, all of the sudden the water turned into what looked like foam and the salt started popping. When the sand was taken out of the chemical oven, salt particles that had not been dissolved were found on the bottom of the filter paper. The iron had a high magnetism, while sand and salt had none at all. The salt had a high solubility in water while the sand did not. The physica l appearance of the iron resembled rough tiny little black hairs. Data: The data for this lab is from data table B, as well as answers to post-lab questions 6 and 7. Data Table B: Separation of a Mixture: Mass of Original Mixture: 2. Egg Mass of Recovered Iron: . G Mass of Recovered Salt: . Egg Mass of Recovered Sand: . Egg Total Mass of Recovered Solids: 2. Egg Post-Lab Questions: 6. Mass percentage of salt: Mass percentage of sand: 46% Mass percentage of iron: 17% 7. Percent yield for salt = 46% Percent yield for sand = 47% Percent yield for iron = 29% Conclusion: Results: In this lab, the largest amount of recovered solids was the sand. The smallest amount of recovered solids was the iron. The total mass of recovered solids was greater than the original mixtures mass. Disunion: During this lab a mixture of the pure substances salt, iron, and sand were separated by different ways of physical change. The physical changes used in this lab report were filtration, evaporation, and distillation. The physical properties used in this lab report were magnetism, solubility, and boiling point. Error: The total mass of recovered solids was greater than the original mixtures ass. This could be because of inaccurate math or measurements. Also it was observed that in the chemical oven. Other ways that this lab could have obtained more accurate results would be using hot water during the filtration process instead of cold water. The hot water would most likely help to dissolve the tougher salt particles. The same filter paper used during lab was not the same filter paper that was measured for mass. This could have affected the ending result of mass of recovered sand, because the filter paper used could have been a different mass than the filter paper actually weighed.

Los Angeles in the 30's & 40's versus today Essay

Los Angeles in the 30's & 40's versus today - Essay Example Although LAX is currently a world renowned airport, it wasn’t always the center of attention. Prior to its inception, the primary airports for Los Angeles were Burbank and Grand Central Airport in Glendale. It wasn’t until 1946 that they started serving LAX, because it was just too far out of the way. At that time, it was located east of Sepulveda Boulevard, which ended up being rerouted to the west to loop around the new runways that were created in 1950. Nowadays, LAX is considered one of the busiest airports in the world, with nearly 60 million passengers using the airport each year. They also have a dual function as a civil-military base, providing the U. S. Coast Guard an area to launch, operate and repair their HH-65 Dolphin helicopters. (Delta Mike Airfield, 2008). Although the birth of LAX is a notable part of history in L.A., it was only the beginning of many not-so-good firsts for the city. In 1934, Upton Sinclair decided to run for the governor’s seat of California. He was a famous writer and activist, but he was also a socialist who happened to be California’s first celebrity politician. It gave birth to smear politics on a grand scale. Sinclair easily gained the Democratic primary for governor, after which the L. A. Times criticized his â€Å"maggot-like horde† of supporters (Huffington Post, 2008), while others warned that if elected, the state would become communist. This realization ignited an all-out political revolution. With help from Hollywood and the papers, Sinclair’s opposition practically invented the modern media campaign. They made unparalleled use of mail, radio, film, fund raising and opinion polls to create the most astounding smear campaign ever seen. The best was the new ability to manipulate film, using fake newsreels with Hollywood actors to destroy Sinclair’s candidacy. The L.A. Times had attacked Sinclair unmercifully for weeks, which ultimately destroyed his chances. President Roosevelt couldn’t do anything to help him as he was barely into his New Deal and was struggling himself. He couldn’t endorse him, because he would be seen as endorsing socialism, but on the same token, if he didn’t endorse him, others would call him cowardly for not endorsing a candidate of his party. With FDR’s refusal to endorse him, and the fake newsreels hit the big screen, current Governor Merriam won his re-election. This was the precursor to a variety of things that we now have in use across the country. Sinclair is credited with helping with inspiration to many of FDR’s New Deal programs, including Social Security and certainly was the first victim of smear campaigning and dirty politics. Today, when we have any election forthcoming, all of the newspapers, radio stations and television stations carry smear ads, one party against the other to convince us that the skeletons in the other parties’ closets outweigh their own. It’s odd to think that this all started with a well-known author who wanted to run for Governor of California. His muckraking books got the best of him, as while he was for FDR’s New Deal, he also led a movement called EPIC (End Poverty in California), the platform on which he was running for Governor. This also helped to move the Democratic Party further to the left where they continue to be today. Most Californians have at

CISCO Systems Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

CISCO Systems Inc - Research Paper Example The company operates through data center operations management services, which assists the customers in accelerating the operational success by employing new technologies and solves the problems that arise in the due course of time. The Data Center Services for Operations Enablement of CISCO includes many voluntary modules, which assist in accelerating the operational maturity of the Data Center management processes. The three main domains of operation such as plan, build and manage are significant in the company. The services aim at addressing the challenges that are associated with the operational processes and tools. This requires assessment of data effectively and efficiently in the data center. The business operation of CISCO has undergone huge changes and is also encountering modifications presently so that they can sell the bundles of solutions in high prices. The offered solution bundles need changes in credit selling, revenue attribution, supply chain and order processing (CISCO Systems Inc., 2014a; CISCO Systems Inc., 2014c). Analysis of operations transformation process of CISCO One of the main competitive advantages of CISCO is its ability to offer architectures of different products related to collaboration, mobility, borderless networks, and security. The transformation process of the service that is taken into account is Wireless LAN (CISCO Systems Inc. 2014b). The process considers the designing and sale of the solutions of the products that are developed by the units or partners of the unit.

Globalization Essay Example for Free

Globalization Essay Effects of Globalization As Candied said (a character created by Voltaire), we must cultivate our garden. Globalization causes diversity between cultures because unfortunately thanks to globalization, the world changes negatively day by day and also cultures are shaped according to this change. In todays world we have to cultivate ourselves In order to exist in society, Cooperation in cultures helps to follow this change and creates new identities. According to Tyler Cowmen, globalization has a cultural benefits for society but in contrast Dry. Stranger argues that globalization creates a monotone identities which people want to attain It. Thus, this change which we call cross-culture has both negative and positive side and from my point of view, Its true that cross-culture has positive effects for creating diversity in cultures but by a majority, globalization has a negative side on us as Dry. Stranger claims. Societys perspective determine women and men roles in society. Before the period of globalization there was a definitive gap between genders. Thus, thanks to globalization, societys point of view changes on man and women positively. Before, women have to look beautiful, made-up and have specific body size which makes them all seem bland and plastic like Barry dolls. They dont have right to work because they are fragile, naive and emotional but In contrast, man has to be a bread winner because they are strong, not sensitive and independent. Therefore Simons De Behavior (French philosopher) used Hedges description of the master-slave dialectic. She compared the terms master and slave with subject and other. She claims The subject Is the absolute. The other Is the inessential. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2010) Therefore she argues hat there is a huge inequality between genders and this inequality put women into the background. However, after the French revolution, the world started to change. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France was over; people became aware of what they were and what they can do. Thus, this revolution caused a big change in Europe, After this revolution, Europe had entered into three revolutions and the most effective one was is the industrial revolution. Thanks to the industrial revolution, society perspective was shaped differently because states started to cooperate between each other. As a conclusion, society needs more labor and this event caused a change in gender roles. Women may also place in the work place which reduces the inequality between man and women. Also this is a revolution of new identities because we act our social roles how society wants. This revolution causes a change in social perspective, culture, so peoples view Is also change which creates new identities. After all. People developed themselves. As Tyler Cowmen claims Look at a book and ask yourself, where does paper come from, where does printing come from, where do the ideas in the book come from? Whats the religious background of the author? (Really Creative Destination August,2003) Thanks to revolution, Europe made a trade between each other which caused a diversity in cultures. They changed all their view in every subject especially in gender roles. Thus, this interaction caused a change in whole world. People became more open-minded and they cultivate Off Cowmen affirms, these discoveries created more comfortable lives. Consequently, Im agree with the idea that interaction l ead to the development of personality. Its true that globalization has a positive side as has been illustrated, but in my opinion, costly, it has a negative side. For instance, the inequality between rich and poor increases. The Rich get richer and poor get poorer. Economic power causes this difference which influences the culture. Its indispensable that people should protect their own traditions but globalization cause a loss of cultural identities. Most of the world tries to act according to American lifestyle because America has all the economic, politic power. Therefore, globalization can lift people out of poverty but the inequalities between groups get stronger. People wear same clothes; same shoes and eat same foods such as fast food. They follow same trends and same dream so as Dry. Stranger claims As humans we naturally measure ourselves to those around us, but now we live in a global village we are comparing ourselves with the most significant people in the world and finding ourselves wanting. (Bates, 2011). Accordingly, this global village which Dry. Stranger mentions causes a loss of cultural identities because we act and try to be like a dominant culture. In fact, we dont want to be like a dominant culture. They force us to be like them, they manipulate our brains so they make pressure on us that we should act according to their rules. For example; George Orwell explains this situation in one of them his books which is 1984. In 1984, he creates a character which he entitles Big Brother who is a dictator of his own state and he forces his people to obey them. He manipulates their brains and he gives a role to play for existing in society. Thus these people loss their identity also their personality as we do. The another example is sasss Turkey which we experienced the period of wrong westernizes due to media and literary influence. In sasss all of Turkish people try to live like Europe. However, their lifestyle is not laid for our culture so in time family values changed and were mostly lost. Also our language started to get lost their value which is a another negative side of globalization. Languages lost their value day by day and its a big cultural loss because language is the most important element of identity. As Tyler Cowmen approved the cross-culture, he also add In terms of culture, there is a loss. For instance, its absolutely true that a lot of languages are dying. (Really Creative Destination August,2003). Therefore in sasss Turkey people migrate to Europe and if e read the books of this time we will observe that writers use French in order to use Turkish. Also if we regard todays world everyone use English in order to use their tongue. In this manner, I may say that, globalization creates diversity but this diversity also creates a chaos in culture because people start to take someone as a roll-model and try to live like that. In this case, we observe a loss in cultural traditions which makes a negative effects on society. Again Taylor Cowmen argues The Julian Simon point that the gains are much larger than the costs is certainly true. Really Creative Destination August,2003). Im totally disagree with this claim so from my point of view, in this situation, the costs are much larger than the gains because when we lost cultural values there will defends that globalization has a positive effect on cultures because thanks to diversity people make change in their perspective especially, th ey start to know many cultures which help to develop themselves. However Im disagree with this idea like Dry. Stranger. Globalization damages cultural values. Its true that thanks to globalization people are not stay shallow but constantly, it causes a loss in cultural identities. Therefore, I assert the idea of protectionism. Everyone should protect their cultural values and be aware of what they are. Otherwise; in the future, there will be a monotone people as Dry. Stranger asserted. Eventually, this cultural interaction causes a shape in society negatively to the contrary of the claim of Taylor Cowmen. Works Cited Ibuprofen, Debra. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2010. Simons De Behavior. Cowmen, Tyler. Really Creative Destruction August September, 2003. Interviewed by Nick Gillespie of Reason Magazine. Bates, Claire. The Daily Mail.

An Icon to Remember :: Essays Papers

An Icon to Remember During the Late Byzantium Period a new burst of creative energy grasped the Russian artists. More artists emerged as Russians became increasingly interested in art. Earlier in the Byzantium Period â€Å"art that had to do with religious worship, like statues and any religious imagery throughout the empire, was destroyed under Leo III in iconoclasm† (Kleiner and Mamiya 326). This era lasted nearly one hundred years. During this period icon painting became very popular. â€Å"These paintings are small portable paintings depicting Christ, the Virgin, or Saints† (Kleiner and Mamiya 342). One of the most famous and influential icon artists to come about during this time was Audrei Rublev. In ca.1410 he designed his masterpiece, the Old Testament Trinity (Figure 1), one of the most beautiful and popular icon paintings in Russia. Rublev’s Old Testament Trinity was a very spiritual and an important icon painting during the fifteenth century. Audrei Rublev was born in ca.1360 and was known as a Russian painter and monk (â€Å"Rublev† 304). He was so spectacular that his work had a profound influence on the development of Russian art overall. His paintings usually attributed to a more linear quality (â€Å"Rublev† 304-305). â€Å"Rublev worked beside Theophanes the Greek and Prokhor from Gorodets, whom may have been his teachers, in painting the Cathedral of the Annunciation and also with the icon painter Daniil Chorny† (Hamilton 93). Although there is very little background known of his life, his first appearance was in 1405(Hamilton 93). Audrei Rublev passed most of the remainder of his life in the Andronikov Monastery, where he is now buried (â€Å"Rublev† 304). He lived to be seventy and died in ca.1430. Audrei Rublev was one of the greatest icon painters for Russia during the Middle Ages. â€Å"The Old Testament Trinity was dedicated to Saint Sergius Radonezhsky c.1411† (â€Å"Rublev† 305). It was found in 1918 in a storeroom near the Cathedral of the Dormition. Although having severe and irreparable damage enough remains. â€Å"The painting depicts three angels that are in silent communication with each other, seated around an altar table with a chalice that indicates the subject of their contemplation is self-sacrifice† (Art Treasures in Russia 61). The central figure, God the Father, is further back then his companions, God the Son on the left and the Holy Spirit on the right.

An Epic Tragedy of History Essay

Both Native American literature and film have been inspired by the oral tradition of passing down stories and cultural folkways, through the spoken word. The personal journey of chronicling these stories in literature and film is very allegorical in that the personal journeys that these writers also parallel their struggle with a literal journey. As such, these stories become full of symbolism for the types of cultural artifacts that cannot be assimilated into mainstream culture; not in the English language, not in the Christian religion, and not in the reservations that hindered spirituality. There is a theme in all of the texts and in the film that depicts the struggle of trying to determine where the individual and the culture fit into the wider world that knows little of their existence. Other texts provide specific insight into how conversion of Native Americans into Christianity was essential for those of European descent to explain this mysterious group. It becomes apparent that the oral tradition sustained these groups for centuries until the loss of land led to the loss of more freedoms, especially that of having the right to shape ideas about the world without the influence of others. The film and the Native American writers reviewed all seek to exert their power and use words and motion pictures to explain all the literary and historical meaning of the stories told to them, predating all these modes of communication. Scott Momady in his book, The Way to Rainy Mountain describes the story of the creation of the Kwuda, which was passed down in the oral tradition. What is interesting is that he notes that the names of the tribe did change and there was a sense of this tribe being divided. â€Å"Later still they took the name Gaigwu, a name which can be taken to indicate something of which two halves differ from each other in appearance† (17). It is not only the way that this group of people came into existence but also the diversity and difference within this particular tribe that is extremely important. When Native Americans were forced onto reservations, it was of the utmost importance for the rest of the world not to see all Native Americans as the same, as they were varied with the many tribes and also within tribes. These oral stories become even more important to dictate into print or film to show how Native Americans viewed the world, themselves, and most importantly to realistically illustrate their heritage with the hopes of changing how many whites viewed them. The allegorical and symbolic divide that came to move all of these authors to write stories that bridged the gap in their own respective lives, also helped to create a film as well. The movie Dreamkeeper, directed by Steve Barron, shows how a family divided will struggle to keep tradition alive despite the death or disappearance of an important figure. In this film the pressing issues between the grandfather, grandson, and absent father serves as a metaphor for the intrusion on the culture of the family’s tribe versus the tradition of passing down lineage and heritage. The metaphor is that the grandfather is rooted in the past, the grandson is heading into an uncertain future, and the father is the only link to the present. These cultural threats are more than just the loss of land or the loss of a father, it is the changing of times into a future that is being mapped out by another group entirely, that being white Americans. These maps, so to speak, or the oral tradition that has mapped out the history of entire tribes and families has been written about by other prominent Native Americans in their journey and tragedy of trying to fill this divide between past and present all the while wondering what the future will hold. These types of worries were normally settled by spiritual means, but loss of land meant loss of the ability for Native Americans to go on their spiritual quests. Charles Alexander Eastman in his passage from â€Å"The Soul of an Indian† writes about the mystical quest undertaken by Native Americans in his native Sioux tribe that required several nights away from camp in meditation. He also writes of the divide of the Native American, a common theme in all the reviewed works. â€Å"The red man is divided into two parts,-the spiritual mind and the physical mind. The first is pure spirit, concerned only with the essence of things, and it was this he sought to strengthen by spiritual prayer† (767). Because of this loss of land, essentially the loss of spirit or at least the ways in which spiritual rituals were conducted came to an end. Also, the fear of the future was replaced by Christian ideals to help Americans of European descent understand how these natives fir into their Bible. In this way the Native Americans, already concerned with loss of identity were split even further in a divide that led them to an uncertain and uncharacteristic future. It was only through the oral tradition of preserving identity that Native Americans could attempt to achieve a personal wholeness while the many tribes and family members within tribes became scattered and disillusioned. It is through the personal journeys of the writers that it becomes apparent how the loss of land impacted not only an entire civilization, but individuals, who lost identity and did whatever was necessary to try to discover, rediscover, and preserve all that was left. Gertrude Bonnin, in passages from â€Å"Impressions of an Indian Childhood† talks about living what could be considered a double life. Gertrude sometimes refers to herself as her Sioux name, Zitkala-Sa, which means Red Bird. She was born on a reservation to a Sioux mother and her white father was absent in her life. She struggled between the old ways that her mother tried to teach her in the oral tradition and the ways that people conducted themselves outside of the reservation. She became torn and decided that the reservation life was not for her and the American way of treating Native Americans was not appealing either. So she began compiling all the information she could gather from what was relayed to her by her mother in the oral tradition and then wrote these stories in English. She abhorred the fact that the language of her ancestors had disappeared and she was just as concerned as Eastman was about the loss of spirituality for all Native Americans under the conversion to Christianity. Bonnin writes, â€Å"I prefer to their dogma my excursions into the natural gardens where the voice of the Great Spirit is heard in the twittering of birds, the rippling of mighty waters, and the sweet breathing of flowers† (939-940). It becomes clear that for the spirituality of Native Americans to thrive, then land uninterrupted by industrialization was needed in order for this group to be who they had always been before they were removed to reservations. So taking their land was not a simple geographic issue, this also took these peoples’ essence and spirituality from them. It is therefore important for these texts and films to exist as reminder of what was lost, not just space, but a place in history for people who had to rely on a few to pass on as many of the stories given to them in the oral tradition and put it in print or in film. All three written pieces reviewed and the film help to show the importance of the land that was taken from the Native Americans, as well as the influence of the oral tradition of passing down stories and spiritual pathways to each ensuing generation. The film and the written works display both a metaphorical divide in the ways of the respective authors and tribes and the bigger community, showing that differences need to be acknowledged as well as the common goal of this group to gather their cultural artifacts that would have disappeared into an assimilated America. Also, the allegorical journey that all these contributors took to discover their part in history is akin to an epic and a tragedy. Scholars, as well, have looked at the impact of the spiritual strivings of Native Americans and the ultimate need for tribes to achieve a new identity in a foreign land to them, a land that was once their own. It was the need for Christian legitimacy on the part of European settlers that led to a need for Native Americans to be stripped of their spiritual roots and forced to resign to religious conversion. The mission of these Christians â€Å"absorbed Native Americans into a Christian world view that made them comprehensible to Euro-Americans, who were otherwise faced with a population whose mysterious origins threatened to call into question the explanatory value of the Bible† (Wyss, 162). So as Euro-Americans sought to explain the discrepancies with Native Americans and their absence from the Bible, Native Americans had to wrestle with their own identities that were being challenged by these settlers for purposes other than just the acquisition of land. What then became an issue was the questioning of creation on the part of settlers and the â€Å"lost tribe theory† (162) that proposed that Native Americans were part of a tribe that was not thoroughly explained in the Bible. All the while many Native Americans asserted their own creation myths while other Natives tried to assert superiority over whites with the reasoning that if Natives were a part of Israel’s lost tribes then, therefore, they were closer descendants of Jacob. This hierarchy of Biblical place did play an important role on the identity of Natives during their assimilation into Euro-American culture, though the oral tradition certainly did support a different idea for the origins of each tribe. Even those Native Americans that did subscribe to a Christian ideal were â€Å"defined by a constant deferral of home, or the constant movement, both geographical and cultural, of a fragmented people† (165). It seems then that the roots of all Native Americans, who were fragmented and spread across the nation, was entrenched in the oral tradition of creation stories and spirituality. However, the many Native American stories that were told and passed down led to they idea the Euro-Americans had as Natives being savage and mythical, making their stories, even true encounters appear to be false. This led to the Natives â€Å"invisibility in the annals of encounter: constructed as tellers of myth and as peoples of myth, they are denied a place in the national story and a voice in recounting it† (Bellin, 99). This created the powerlessness found in Natives attempting to assert their place in the new America that was founded on laws, both the divine and those conceived by Europeans. The fact that Natives had stories, spirituality, and kinship was not enough to place them in a position of asserting their power in any way that seemed rational to Euro-Americans. As well the illiteracy of Native Americans certainly did not assist this group in gaining any type of recognition for having much to offer the Europeans in their stories. â€Å"the oral nature of much Indian narrative has been taken to explain both the Indians’ irrelevance to history-for what could illiterates offer? -and their inability to remember and record it† (102). As well, Native Americans stories were not just told, they were animated through acting, making the stories more meaningful to the Native audience but meaningless to a person outside of a tribe. It is fair to say that the identity of Native Americans was not only in their oral tradition, but in the ways in which stories were acted out. This is something that is lost even if a story is recounted by a Native to as close to the original message as possible. Much is also lost in translation further undermining any attempts that Natives could make when forced on reservations, where their land and language was taken along with the ties of spirituality that sustained them. It also makes the spiritual identity of Native Americans more complicated when they are not only placed in an Anthropological category of uncivilized, the literary category of completely mythical, and finally over romanticized by scholars, who do not understand the deep meaning behind Native American spirituality and ritual. These rites and rituals are meant to cement a community of people together and individual identity can be created within these rituals. Instead, many times, these acts and stories are perceived as more universal and therefore there is the mistaken implication that Native American spirituality can be lumped into a religion that can be used by all. This has placed and continues to place the sense of community outside of the purposes intended and sadly many people use information gleaned from Native spirituality for profit or for writing scholarly articles that do not take into account the private lives of a single Native, but instead combine individuals into a whole. With a fragmented sense of history and culture, it is right to note that there has been and continues to be fragmentation in the Native American communities, but for an individual, a sense of self requires both community identity and a complex set of cultural artifacts to make that individual whole and not a watered down, assimilated version of the Euro-Americans. To be more clear, the text versions of Native Americans stories involving spirituality and rituals many times do not take into account the personal nature of these events. It is not only a matter of entire communities of Native American feeling the need to forge and reclaim their converted or dismissed identities as a whole, but the essence of the individual in a tribe, separate from others that must do the same. â€Å"Nicknames, shadows, and shamanic [sic] visions are tribal stories that are heard and remembered as survivance [sic]. These personal identities and stories are not the same as those translated in the literature† (Grim, 44). This lack of voice to individual Native Americans and stereotyping of all communities and persons being inherently the same in their spirituality and other social activities makes more important the voices, such as the Native authors and filmmakers reviewed all the more important. These artists have shown how gender, tribe, place, and, politics, to name just a few social forces can affect an individual struggling for acceptance within him or herself and in the larger world. All these factors must be considered when looking at film and literature, separating the individual from the group while at the same time seeing the struggle for those individuals as being the best representation available for a group without a strong voice. In conclusion, the film and the literary works of Native Americans highlight the voice of a specific individual, attempting to speak for their community. Taken with scholarly research, it can be seen the effect of colonialism and religious conversion on the vulnerable Native American population. Their history has many gaps in that the myths and traditions were many times dismissed and the absence from the Christian Bible made their existence confusing and unsettling to the settlers. The voices that have been stifled serve to help save the history of the mainstream at their expense, and this powerlessness and absence from history can only be reconstructed in the best way possible. Though even stories passed down in the oral tradition are lacking in the gestures and actions of the storytellers, which is the essence of oral storytelling. Works Cited Joshua David Bellin, The Demon of the Continent: Indians and the Shaping of American Literature, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. Gertrude Bonnin, â€Å"Impressions of an Indian Childhood† in The Heath Anthology of American Literature Vol. 2. Ed. Paul Lauter, Lexington: D. C. Heath and Company, 1994. Dreamkeeper, Dir by Steve Barron, Hallmark Entertainment Productions, 2003. Charles Alexander Eastman, â€Å"The Soul of an Indian† in The Heath Anthology of American Literature Vol. 2. Ed. Paul Lauter, Lexington: D. C. Heath and Company, 1994. John A. Grim, â€Å"Cultural Identity, Authenticity, and Community Survival: The Politics of Recognition in Native American Religions† in Lee Irwin Native American Spirituality: A Critical Reader, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. Scott N. Momaday, The Way to Rainy Mountain, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1969. Hilary E. Wyss, Writing Indians: Literacy, Christianity, and Native Community in Early America, Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 2000.

Privacy And The Era Of Big Data Essay - 1449 Words

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